Ibinyabuzima bya Mutant mu nyanja nyuma yumwanda

I Inyanja ya Pasifika Yanduye

Gusohora amazi ya kirimbuzi y’Ubuyapani mu nyanja ya pasifika ni ukuri kudahinduka, kandi ukurikije gahunda y’Ubuyapani, igomba gukomeza gusohoka mu myaka mirongo. Mu ntangiriro, ubu bwoko bwanduye bwibidukikije bugomba kwamaganwa nabantu bose bakunda ubuzima nibidukikije. Ariko, kubera uruhare rwinyungu nyinshi, siyanse nubuzima byongeye gushimutwa namafaranga ninyungu.

Ukurikije icyerekezo cy’amazi yo mu nyanja ya pasifika y’amajyaruguru, amazi yanduye ya kirimbuzi azava mu Buyapani hanyuma yerekeze iburasirazuba yerekeza Kuroshio itemba yerekeza mu majyaruguru ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bw’Ubuyapani, ndetse n’umugezi w’amazi utemba uva mu majyepfo uva mu majyaruguru ya Arctique. Bizambuka inyanja yose ya pasifika bigere hafi ya Californiya, Amerika, kandi bitemba bigana mu majyaruguru werekeza muri Kanada hafi y'umupaka uhuza Amerika na Kanada, bikurikirwa na Alaska, inyanja ya Bering, n'igice cya Kamchatka cy'Uburusiya. Hanyuma, Koreya yepfo (uruzi) izenguruka mu Buyapani; Ikindi gice, hamwe na Californiya y’amajyepfo ikwirakwira ku nkombe zose z’iburengerazuba bwa Amerika, irahindukira yerekeza iburengerazuba hafi ya ekwateri, inyura muri Hawaii, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, Indoneziya, Palau, na Philippines. Hanyuma, ihindukirira amajyaruguru ikanyura muri Tayiwani gusubira mu Buyapani. Inzuzi zimwe zizinjira mu nyanja y'Ubushinwa no mu nyanja y'Ubushinwa hafi ya Tayiwani, naho igice gito kizinjira mu mazi hafi ya Koreya y'Epfo.

Nyuma yo gusoma iyi nzira, urashobora kumva impamvu Perezida wa Koreya yepfo ashyigikiye nta soni ishyigikira imyanda y’imyanda ya kirimbuzi y’Ubuyapani, kubera ko icyerekezo cyo gusohora cyerekeza ku nyanja ya pasifika iburasirazuba, ntabwo inyanja y’Ubuyapani iburengerazuba. Koreya yepfo niyo izaba iheruka kandi yanduye cyane.

Abantu bamwe bavuga ko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi kitavuze ko gahunda y’Ubuyapani yo gusohora amazi y’amazi ya kirimbuzi yubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano? Ariko, mugihe nyacyo, Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi ntikigira ibipimo ngenderwaho byogusohora amazi y’amazi ya kirimbuzi mu nyanja, gusa amahame mpuzamahanga y’amazi y’amazi ya kirimbuzi yinjira mu nyanja. Hariho itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yombi. Amazi ya kirimbuzi akonjeshwa gusa n’amazi hanze ya lisansi ya kirimbuzi y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi, hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi byo kwigunga hagati. Amazi na lisansi ya kirimbuzi ntabwo bihuye neza cyangwa byanduye. Umwanda wa kirimbuzi muri Tokiyo ni lisansi ya kirimbuzi yahuye n’amazi mu buryo butaziguye, kandi amazi arimo imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere. Ibi bisa n’itandukaniro riri hagati yumuntu ugenda hafi y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi no kugenda ahabereye igisasu cya kirimbuzi.

II Ibibanziriza Umwanda wo mu nyanja muri Amerika

Abantu benshi batangazwa nuko uduce twanduye cyane usibye inyanja ikikije Ubuyapani ari Amerika na Kanada, ariko bisa nkaho badashobora kumva opposition yabo. Ahubwo, inama izabera muri Camp David muri Amerika mu mpera z'uku kwezi izemeza imyuka y’Ubuyapani. Umwanda w’inyanja n’abantu urakomeje kuva kera, kandi kubangamira inyungu, amafaranga, nimbaraga n’imiryango imwe n'imwe mpuzamahanga ndetse n’igihugu bimaze kuba akamenyero. Ntukibwire ko Uburayi na Amerika bifite uburenganzira nyabwo bwa muntu kandi ko byose bishingiye ku nyungu z’abaturage babo.

Muri Mata 2010, BP mu Bwongereza yahuye n’igiturika ku kibanza cyayo cyo gucukura peteroli mu nyanja mu kigobe cya Mexico, bituma hapfa abantu 11 na miliyoni 4.9 za peteroli ziva mu nyanja. Byongeye kandi, miliyoni 2 za litiro yimiti yangiza imiti, nka peteroli yangirika na 2-butoxyethanol, nyuma yaje gukoreshwa. Ibi bikoresho byangirika bimaze igihe kinini "mutagenic" bihagije kugirango bishongeshe amavuta, amavuta, na reberi, bifite akamaro kanini mu gukuramo amavuta, ariko bikaba bibi cyane kubidukikije byose, Umwanda muremure ushobora no kurenza iy'amavuta.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, habaye ibintu bitesha umutwe, kubera ko abarobyi bari mu mazi yo ku nkombe z'Ikigobe cya Mexico bafashe inyamaswa nyinshi zahinduwe, zirimo urusenda rufite ibibyimba by'amavuta ku mutwe, amafi na shrimp nta jisho, amafi afite ibisebe bya exudate, igikona hamwe ibyobo mubikonoshwa byabo, igikona na shrimp bitagira inzara, numubare munini winyamanswa zikomeye zifite ibishishwa bikomeye byahindutse ibishishwa byoroshye. Ikigobe cya Mexico gitanga 40% by'ibiryo byo mu nyanja muri Amerika, kandi muri iki gihe, 50% by'urusenda rwafashwe wasangaga nta jisho rufite. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza y’amajyepfo ya Floride bwerekanye ko kwangirika kwuruhu n’ibisebe by’amafi mbere y’umwanda byari kimwe gusa mu gihumbi, mu gihe nyuma y’umwanda byiyongereyeho 50 bikagera kuri 5%.

Icyakora, nyuma y’umwanda, raporo rusange ya FDA yavuze ko ibiribwa byo mu nyanja mu kigobe cya Mexico ubu bifite umutekano nka mbere y’impanuka, kandi abantu bashobora kubirya bafite amahoro yo mu mutima. Ikigobe cya Mexico cyo mu nyanja cyakorewe ibizamini bikomeye ku isi. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, uruganda rukora peteroli rwa BP rwishyuye miliyari 7.8 z'amadolari ku baturage bo mu kigobe cy’abarobyi ndetse n’abarobyi. Ntakibazo, kuki urimo kwishyura indishyi nyinshi?

III Gutandukana kwinyamaswa zo mu nyanja

Ibihe nkibi bikomeje kugaragara kwisi yose. Muri 2014, umurambo wa dolphine w’amezi 12 wabonetse ku mucanga wa Türkiye. Iyi dolphine ifite imitwe ibiri kandi amaso yayo ntabwo yakuze neza. Mu mwaka wa 2011, abarobyi bo mu birwa bya Floride bafashe ikimasa cy’imitwe ibiri, gisa n’inyoni eshatu mu mafilime y’ibihimbano. Nyuma yaho, abahanga mu binyabuzima bo mu nyanja muri kaminuza ya Michigan batandukanije inyanja maze berekana ko ari inyanja nyayo. Urebye ko inyanja zombi zifite imitwe yombi na dolphine ebyiri zisangiye umubiri usanzwe n’imitwe ibiri isanzwe, abahanga bahakanye ko bishoboka ko iyi ihinduka ryaturutse ku mpanga zifatanije.

Mu Gushyingo 2016, ubwato bwari butwaye toni 5000 z’inyongera za poroteyine y’ubuhanga (hagamijwe kwinezeza) bwahuye n’umuyaga mwinshi muri Atlantike kandi butakaza imizigo myinshi. Nyuma y'amezi make, abarobyi b'Abanyaburayi bafashe amafi yahinduwe ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bw'Ubufaransa, bafite imikurire ikomeye, cyane cyane imitsi y'urwasaya rukomeye. Bamwe mu barobyi basanze kandi inzara nini z’ibikona byaho nazo zikomeye kandi zikomeye kuruta mbere. Abahanga bavuga ko bishobora guterwa no gutakaza ifu ya poroteyine, kandi mu gihe kirekire, bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro mu buzima bwo mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru no gukura kw'ingingo zisa n'abantu, ndetse n'imibiri minini kandi ikomeye.

N'ubwo ibyo bintu byashimishije imbuga nkoranyambaga, umuvugizi w’ishyirahamwe ry’inyanja yijeje abaturage ko nta kintu gihangayikishije, Umuvugizi yagize ati: “Ibitangazamakuru by’ibidukikije byakabije nabi raporo zivuga ku binyabuzima byo mu nyanja bikomeye kandi byateye imbere. Buri munsi, ibicuruzwa bitakara mu nyanja, ariko ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi biri hafi ntibigira ingaruka. bibiri bya gatatu byisi ninyanja, kandi niba hari ikintu cyanduye igice runaka, hari ahantu henshi inyamaswa zo mwishyamba zishobora kwimuka. Byongeye kandi, nubwo amafi amwe ashobora kubangamira abantu, kuki babikora? Ntacyo twakoze kugirango batishimye.

Ntabwo bihagije ko abantu banduza ibidukikije kubwinyungu zabo bwite kugirango ibindi binyabuzima bumve ko biteye ishozi? Iyaba hariho Godzilla kuriyi si, haracyari impamvu yo kugirira nabi ikiremwamuntu? Sinzi niba abantu bo muri ibyo bigo ari ibicucu cyangwa niba barahagaritswe n'amafaranga. Nizera ko abafite umutimanama n’urukundo bose bazarwanya umwanda w’Ubuyapani wangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’isohoka ry’amazi ya kirimbuzi muri pasifika. Nkuko inshuti zimwe zabivuze, niba amazi y’amazi ya kirimbuzi afite umutekano koko, ntidusaba abayobozi b’Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo kuyanywa (birashoboka ko batatinyuka). Igihe cyose ikoreshwa mu kuvomera imirima yimboga mu Buyapani na Koreya yepfo, nukuri gukoresha amazi mabi.