1.Mu minsi ishize, abafite amatungo bakunze kuza kubaza niba injangwe nimbwa zishaje bikeneye gukingirwa mugihe buri mwaka? Mbere ya byose, turi ibitaro byamatungo kumurongo, dukorera ba nyiri amatungo mugihugu cyose. Inkingo zatewe mu bitaro byemewe n'amategeko, bidafite aho bihuriye natwe. Ntabwo rero tuzabona amafaranga hamwe ninkingo. Byongeye kandi, ku ya 3 Mutarama, umwana w'imyaka 6 nyir'inyamanswa nyir'imbwa nini yabajijwe gusa. Ntabwo yongeye kubona urukingo kubera icyorezo mu gihe cy'amezi 10. Yagiye mu bitaro kwivuza ihahamuka hashize iminsi 20, hanyuma arandura. Gusa bamusuzumye afite ikibazo cyo guhagarika umutima, kandi ubuzima bwe bwari ku murongo. Nyir'inyamanswa ubu arakora ibishoboka byose kugirango akire imiti. Ubwa mbere, ntamuntu numwe wigeze atekereza ko byaba ari inzoga. Byakekwaga ko ari hypoglycemic guhungabana. Ninde ushobora gutekereza.

Mbere na mbere, bigomba kumvikana ko kuri ubu, imiryango yose y’ubuvuzi isanzwe y’amatungo yemera ko “inkingo z’amatungo zigomba gutangwa mu gihe gikwiye kandi ku gihe kugira ngo birinde gukingirwa birenze”. Ndibwira ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba inyamanswa zishaje zigomba gukingirwa ku gihe rwose ntabwo ari impungenge n’ibiganiro bya ba nyir'amatungo yo mu rugo mu Bushinwa. Byaturutse ku bwoba no guhangayikishwa ninkingo zabantu mu Burayi no muri Amerika, hanyuma bikura mu matungo. Mu nganda z’amatungo y’i Burayi n’Abanyamerika, izina ryihariye kuri iki ni “urukingo rwo gukekeranya”.

Hamwe niterambere rya interineti, buriwese arashobora kuvuga yisanzuye kuri enterineti, bityo umubare munini wubumenyi budasobanutse wagutse cyane. Naho ikibazo cyinkingo, nyuma yimyaka itatu ya COVID-19, abantu bose bazi neza uburyo ireme ryabaturage b’abanyaburayi n’abanyamerika ari rito, niba koko ari bibi cyangwa atari byo, muri make, kutizerana gushinga imizi mu bitekerezo by’abantu benshi, ku buryo Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rizashyira ku rutonde “Gutinya inkingo” nk’ikibazo cya mbere ku isi mu mwaka wa 2019. Nyuma yaho, Ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo ku isi ryashyize ahagaragara insanganyamatsiko y’umunsi mpuzamahanga wa 2019 w’ubumenyi bw’amatungo n’amatungo nk '“agaciro ko gukingirwa”.

Nizera ko abantu bose bazashaka kumenya niba koko ari ngombwa gukingiza urukingo ku gihe, nubwo itungo ryaba rishaje, cyangwa niba hazabaho antibodiyite zihoraho nyuma yo gukingirwa inshuro nyinshi?

2.Kubera ko nta politiki, amabwiriza n’ubushakashatsi bihari mu Bushinwa, ibyo navuze byose biva mu mashyirahamwe abiri y’amatungo arengeje imyaka 150, Ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo ry’Abanyamerika AVMA n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’amatungo WVA. Amashyirahamwe y’ubuvuzi y’inyamanswa ku isi yose azasaba ko inyamanswa zikingirwa buri gihe kandi ku buryo bukwiye.

Muri Amerika, amategeko ya leta ateganya ko abafite amatungo bagomba gukingira amatungo yabo ku ndwara ku gihe, ariko ntibahatire gukingiza izindi nkingo (nk'inkingo za kane na kane). Hano dukeneye gusobanura neza ko Amerika yatangaje ko ikuraho burundu virusi zose z’ibikoko by’ibikoko, bityo rero intego yo gukingira ibisazi ni ukugabanya ibyihutirwa.

Muri Mutarama 2016, Ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo magufi ku isi ryasohoye “Amabwiriza yo gukingiza imbwa n’injangwe ku isi”, ryashyizeho urutonde rw’inkingo nyamukuru y’imbwa zirimo “urukingo rwa virusi ya canine distemper, urukingo rwa adenovirus na urukingo rwa parvovirus yo mu bwoko bwa 2”, n'urukingo rw'ibanze ku njangwe zirimo “urukingo rw'injangwe parvovirus, urukingo rwa caticivirus, n'urukingo rwa herpesvirus”. Nyuma yaho, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’ibitaro by’inyamanswa ryavuguruye ibirimo kabiri muri 2017/2018, verisiyo iheruka 2022 ivuga ko "imbwa zose zigomba gukingirwa inkingo z’ibanze zikurikira, keretse zidashobora gukingirwa bitewe n’indwara, inzoka zangiza / adenovirus / parvovirus / parainfluenza / ibisazi ”. Byongeye kandi, birasabwa cyane cyane mumabwiriza ko mugihe urukingo rushobora kurangira cyangwa rutazwi, itegeko ryiza ni "niba ushidikanya, nyamuneka urukingo". Birashobora kugaragara ko akamaro k'urukingo rwamatungo muburyo bwiza burenze kure gushidikanya kumurongo.

3.Mu mwaka wa 2020, Ikinyamakuru cy’ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo ry’Abanyamerika ryatangije kandi gihugura abaveterineri bose, cyibanda ku “Uburyo abahanga mu buvuzi bw’amatungo bahura n’ikibazo cyo gukingirwa”. Iyi ngingo yatanze ibitekerezo bimwe nuburyo bwo kuganira, gusobanura no kuzamura abakiriya bemeza ko inkingo zishobora guteza akaga amatungo yabo. Intangiriro ya ba nyir'inyamanswa ndetse n'abaganga b'amatungo ni iy'ubuzima bw'amatungo, ariko abafite amatungo bitondera cyane indwara zimwe na zimwe zishoboka, mu gihe abaganga bitondera cyane indwara zandura zishobora guhura nazo igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Naganiriye ku kibazo cy'inkingo hamwe na ba nyiri amatungo benshi mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, nsanga ikintu gishimishije cyane. Abafite amatungo mu Burayi no muri Amerika bahangayikishijwe cyane na “depression” iterwa no gukingira amatungo, mu gihe abafite amatungo mu Bushinwa bahangayikishijwe na “kanseri” iterwa no gukingira amatungo. Izi mpungenge zituruka ku mbuga zimwe na zimwe zivuga ko ari izisanzwe cyangwa zifite ubuzima bwiza, aho ziburira ku kaga ko gukingira cyane injangwe n'imbwa. Ariko nyuma yimyaka myinshi yo gukurikirana inkomoko yaya magambo, nta rubuga rwasobanuye ibisobanuro byo gukingira birenze. Urushinge rumwe mu mwaka? Inshinge ebyiri mu mwaka? Cyangwa inshinge buri myaka itatu?

Izi mbuga kandi ziraburira kubyerekeye ingaruka zishobora kumara igihe kirekire ziterwa no gukingirwa, cyane cyane ko indwara ziterwa na immunite na kanseri. Ariko kugeza ubu, nta kigo cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye byatanze imibare ku mibare y’indwara na kanseri bijyanye no gukingirwa hashingiwe ku bizamini cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mibare, nta n'umwe watanze amakuru yerekana isano iri hagati y’inkingo n'indwara zitandukanye zidakira. Ariko, ibyangiritse byatewe naya magambo kubitungwa byagaragaye. Raporo y’Imibereho Myiza y’Ubwongereza ivuga ko igipimo cyo gukingira bwa mbere injangwe, imbwa n’inkwavu mu Bwongereza bakiri bato cyari 84% mu 2016, kikaba cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 66% muri 2019. Icyakora, kirimo kandi ko umuvuduko ukabije uterwa na ubukungu bubi mu Bwongereza bwatumye abafite amatungo badafite amafaranga yo gukingira.

Bamwe mu baganga bo mu rugo cyangwa abafite amatungo bashobora kuba barasomye impapuro z’ibinyamakuru by’inyamanswa mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, ariko birashobora guterwa no gusoma bituzuye cyangwa kubuzwa n’icyongereza, bityo bakaba bafite imyumvire itari yo. Batekereza ko urukingo ruzatanga antibodies nyuma yinshuro nyinshi, bityo ntibakeneye gukingirwa buri mwaka. Ikigaragara ni uko Ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo ry’Abanyamerika rivuga ko bidakenewe ko inkingo nyinshi zongera gukingirwa buri mwaka. Ijambo ryibanze hano ni "byinshi". Nkuko nabivuze kare, Ishyirahamwe ry’amatungo mato ku isi rigabanya inkingo mu nkingo z’ibanze n’inkingo zidafite ishingiro. Inkingo z'ibanze zirasabwa gukingirwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa, mu gihe inkingo zidafite ishingiro zemezwa ku buntu na ba nyir'amatungo. Hariho inkingo nke zo mu rugo, bityo abantu benshi ntibazi inkingo zidafite ishingiro, nka leptospira, indwara ya Lyme, ibicurane bya kine, nibindi.

Izi nkingo zifite igihe cyubudahangarwa, ariko buri njangwe nimbwa bigira ibihe bitandukanye kubera itegeko nshinga ritandukanye. Niba imbwa ebyiri mumuryango wawe zakingiwe kumunsi umwe, imwe irashobora kutagira antibodi nyuma y amezi 13, indi irashobora kubona antibodi nziza nyuma yimyaka 3, ibyo bikaba bitandukanye. Urukingo rushobora kwemeza ko uko umuntu yaba akingiwe neza, antibody irashobora kwishingirwa byibuze amezi 12. Nyuma y'amezi 12, antibody irashobora kuba idahagije cyangwa ikabura igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Nukuvuga ko, niba ushaka ko injangwe nimbwa murugo bigira antibodi umwanya uwariwo wose kandi ukaba udashaka gukingirwa antibody ya booster mugihe cyamezi 12, ugomba gusuzuma niba antibody ibaho kenshi, kurugero, rimwe a icyumweru cyangwa buri kwezi, Antibodies ntizigabanuka buhoro ariko zishobora kugabanuka neza. Birashoboka ko antibody yujuje ubuziranenge ukwezi kumwe gushize, kandi ntibizaba bihagije nyuma yukwezi kumwe. Muri iyo ngingo mu minsi yashize, twaganiriye ku buryo bwihariye uburyo imbwa ebyiri zo mu rugo zanduye ibisazi, bikaba byangiza cyane amatungo adafite urukingo rwa antibody.

Turashimangira cyane cyane ko inkingo zose zingenzi zitavuga ko hazabaho antibodi zigihe kirekire nyuma yo guterwa inshinge nke, kandi nta mpamvu yo kuzikingira nyuma. Nta bimenyetso bifatika, impapuro cyangwa ubushakashatsi byerekana ko inkingo ku gihe kandi ku gihe inkingo zisabwa zizatera kanseri cyangwa kwiheba. Ugereranije nibibazo bishoboka biterwa ninkingo, ingeso mbi zo kubaho hamwe nuburyo bwo kugaburira siyanse bizana indwara zikomeye kubitungwa.