1.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byerekana inkoko guhumeka buhoro

Indwara y'inkoko irwaye kubyimba, ibibyimba bya canthus, amazi yo mu mazuru, impemu zo guhumeka, amaso y'inkoko arwaye cyane asohoka hanze - “amaso y'amafi ya zahabu”;Nyuma yo gutandukana, urukuta rwa ballon rwarimo ibicu hamwe na foromaje yumuhondo kandi hariho ifuro ryinshi hagati yimiyoboro y amara munda yinda.

2.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kwanduza inkoko

Indwara y'inkoko-Urwara inkoko irwaye, umunwa, ipantaro, igice cyinkoko irwaye isohora umwanda wera;Hariho foromaje cyangwa umuhondo n'umweru byera muri trachea yo hepfo na bronchus yinkoko zapfuye, kandi impyiko zimwe zarabyimbye, zerekana impyiko zavunitse.Inkoko zikuze zigenda nka pingwin kandi zifite imiyoboro ngufi cyangwa cysts.

3.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe biranga inkura y'inkoko Byinshi ku nkoko zikiri nto n'inkoko zikuze, ubushyuhe bw'inkoko burwaye, izuru ritemba, amarira, amaso n'ubwanwa bwabyimbye.Habayeho gusohora hagati yizuru, nibintu byumuhondo byegeranijwe muri sinusoide, sinorbide ya suborbital hamwe no guhuza ijisho.Amagi yintanga yinkoko yari yoroshye kandi yaravunitse.

4.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byerekana kwanduza inkoko

Inkoko zirwaye zifungura umunwa zirambura amajosi, zongerera amajwi kandi ziravuza.Inkoko zirwaye zikorora urusenda rwamaraso rumanitse ku kiraro cyangwa kuzunguruka hasi.Indwara ya larynx na trachea mucosa yinkoko zapfuye zarakomeretse kandi ziva amaraso, kandi hari amaraso menshi yamaraso cyangwa foromaje yumuhondo numweru byafunzwe.

5.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe biranga inkoko

Inkoko irwaye inkoko yijimye itukura, ijwi ridasanzwe, ijosi rihindagurika, guhindukira cyangwa kureba hejuru yinyenyeri, gusohora amase yicyatsi kibisi.Duodenum, umuhondo pedicle hamwe na ileocecal ihuza inkoko zirwaye zari zifite "imbuto ya jujube nka" ibisebe byibisebe, glandular gastric papilla hemorhage hamwe no guhindura imitsi byerekanaga imboga.

6.Ibimenyetso bisanzwe biranga ibicurane by'ibiguruka

Ubushyuhe bwumubiri winkoko urwaye, ikamba ry'umukara wijimye, inkorogoto yumye ya nérosose, mu maso no mu nyama ubwanwa bwo mu bwanwa, umunzani wamaguru uva amaraso, gusohora umuhondo wera wera icyatsi kibisi.Amaraso ava muri papilla glandular gastrica, kuva amaraso ava pancreas, follicles, tubes fallopian, umutima na larynx, umwijima nimpyiko.